Using the methodology of chemical reaction engineering, this second volume in the. The principles of selective reduction and extraction of iron from lean and complex ores without melting have been. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about extraction of metals ppt. Therefore, a method for leaching or dissolving gold from ores or precious. Metal extraction the occurrence of metals in the earths crust rocks that contain a high enough percentage of a metal to be extracted commercially are known as ores. We normally obtain iron from an ore called haematite which contains iron oxide. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 6 general principles and.
An introduction to the chemistry of metal extraction chemistry. The most common metal ores are oxides and sulfides. Metals are found in the combined state in ores where they exist as positive ions. It includes background information about the principles of the unit operations.
Mining with microbes is both economical and environmental friendly. They are extracted by the electrolysis of their fused salts. This page looks at the various factors which influence the choice of method for extracting metals from their ores, including reduction by carbon, reduction by a reactive metal like sodium or magnesium, and by electrolysis. These compounds are called minerals and a rock which contains a mineral is known as an ore. The extractive metallurgy series is devoted to the extraction of metals from ores and other sources, their refining to the state of either liquid or solid metal, and the various processes needed to carry out these operations. The basic step of extracting metals is called concentration of ores. Gcse chemistry extraction of metals what is a metal ore. Major steps in extraction of metal ore concentration ore is.
The occurrence of metals in nature is only a part of the process, these metals also have to be extracted. Gcse chemistry extraction of metals what is a metal. Extraction of these metals from their ores is expensive. Metals found at the bottom of reactivity series are least reactive and they are often found in nature in freestate. This resource is aligned to the australian year 10 chemistry curriculum, but would be useful for other curriculums as well. Most metals are actually found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. Methods for turning the metal compounds in ores into metals depend on. The ore is first roasted with salt in the usual way, whereby the formation of base metal chlorides cannot be avoided entirely.
Some important ores type of ore metals common ores native metals gold au, silver ag. Metals are generally extracted by the following steps. Extracting titanium from rutile carbon cant be used to extract titanium from its ore because the titanium reacts further with carbon, so a more reactive metal, e. Also includes a topic summary and learning checklist. View and download powerpoint presentations on extraction of metals ppt.
During the extraction of metals, the metallic ions must first be reduced to the corresponding metal atoms. Carbon can be used to extract metals from some metal oxides. The process of extracting pure metal from its ore is known as metallurgy. The mineral from which the metal is economically and conveniently extracted is called an ore. The reactivity of a metal is related to its tendency to form positive ions. Extraction of copper mining, concentration, smelting. Mr crooksextraction of metals from their ores slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Methods of metal recovery by microorganisms 2 methods. Copper smelting means that the concentrated ore is heated strongly with silicon dioxide silica, calcium carbonate caco 3 and air in a furnace. Methods of extraction of metals from ores chemistry.
For example, rocks containing only 5% copper would have. Copper can be extracted from nonsulfide ores by a different process involving three separate stages. Download extraction of metals from soils and waters. Details for the extraction of aluminium, copper, iron and titanium are. Rock leaching, including rock pore diffusion and mineral kinetics, solution flow, and retention in ore heaps during percolation leaching, and biooxidation of sulfidic. Therefore, production of a variety of metals in large quantities is necessary for. Metallurgy is the field of science which deals with the extraction of metals. In fact, it constitutes the very first presentation of the vast possibilities metallurgical engineering is based on the principles of science and engineering, and may be divided into process metallurgy, which is concerned with extracting metals from their ores to make refined alloys, and physical metallurgy, which involves the shaping, alloying. After roasting, the ore is first subjected to leaching with water, in order to extract the base metal chlorides, and then with hyposulphite of lime, to extract the silver. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The purpose of this present publication is to update and expand the original book. If a document discloses an acidic leaching process of an ore or concentrate in. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 6 general principles.
Extractive metallurgy is the practice of removing valuable metals from an ore and refining the extracted raw metals into a purer form. Metals are extracted from ores, which are minerals found in the earths crust that contain metal compounds. Roshchin south ural state university national research university, chelyabinsk, russia. Join our community just now to flow with the file extraction of metals and make our shared file collection even more complete and exciting. Hydrometallurgy uses aqueous solutions to extract metals from ores leaching.
Hydrometallurgical extraction of platinum group metals from a. Extracting iron and copper reactions of metals aqa. This presentation steps students through extracting metals from ores as well as the recycling of aluminium as aligned with the australian year 11 chemistry. These metals must be extracted from their ores before they can be made useful. Reduction occurs when a metal in a compound loses oxygen, to form the elemental metal. Reaction of the ore over quite a long time and on a huge scale with a dilute acid such as dilute sulfuric acid to produce a very dilute copperii sulfate solution. The extraction of silver by the solving processes simple.
This metal is also a constituent of certain pigments such as chlorophyll in plants and haemoglobin in animals. A metal can either be reduced or oxidised in a reaction. Processes and procedures in the extraction of iron. Occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 notes chemistry of elements metals and their alloys are extensively used in our daytoday life. Microbial communities near and on the minerals in an ore deposit are a very rich source of genetic information which could be utilized to create synthetic and modified microbiomes that extract, concentrate, and beneficiate metal forms 16. This reduction process can be done electrolytically or by thermal or chemical methods. In nigeria, the extraction of iron from iron ore is a novel technological exercise carried out by an iron ore mining company located at. The metal content in the ore can vary depending upon the impurities present and chemical composition of the ore. Iron, however, is removed in a blast furnace, like the one. However, it isnt economically worthwhile to extract it from most of these minerals. Broadly speaking, biohydrometallurgy deals with the application of biotechnology in mining industry.
The highly electropositive elements such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and aluminium cannot be extracted by carbon reduction methods. Ppt extraction of metals from their ores powerpoint. Heap leaching lowgrade ores has become a major contributor to the extraction of economically important metals, notably copper and gold. Extraction metallurgy download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. The extraction of metals and minerals is the fifthlargest.
Most compounds are found as oxides or sulphides, but sulphides are usually converted to oxides. Notes chemistry 3 occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 chemistry of elements table 16. Written by teachers for the cie igcse chemistry course. The unreactive metals are removed form their ores simply by heating. In some places, the mineral deposits in rock contain a high concentration of one metal. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. Metals and nonmetals extraction of metals class 10.
Copper and silver are also found in the form of sulphide and oxide ores. Most metals are found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. Definition of extraction of metals free physics dictionary. Hydrometallurgical extraction of platinum group metals from a lowgrade ore concentrate. Pdf the first steps in the production of a metal object are to extract the. Separating the platinum group metals by liquidliquid. Separating the platinum group metals by liquid liquid ext raction new process has potential economic advantages over conventional selective precipitation by p. Rocks are a mixture of minerals and from some we can make useful substances. What methods can be used in extracting metals from mineral ores. An ore is usually a compound of the metal mixed with impurities. Extracting metals some unreactive metals, like gold and silver, are found in the earths crust as pure substances. Methods of extraction many metals are found in the earths crust as ores. Dec 02, 2012 the extraction of nickel from its ores by the mond process 1. In industry, an ore is a rock that contains enough metal to make mining and extraction economical.
Major ore producing areas are singhbum district bihar, balaghat. Principles and procedures involved in the extraction of metals. The process of treatment depends on upon the nature of the ore, impurities, and the metal. Iron and aluminium are extracted from their ores in various ways.
When the metal is dug up, a method must be used to separate the metal from the rest of the ore. Extraction of metals methods of extraction of metals. Extraction of crude metal ores can be concentrated by using any of the four methods hydraulic washing, magnetic separation, froth flotation and leaching. Metals, save for a few, do not occur free on the earth.
The more reactive metals require electrolysis a technique involving electricity to achieve this. Oct 28, 2015 name the chief ores of copper, zinc and lead describe and explain the general methods used in the extraction of copper, zinc and lead from their ores. The minerals from which a metal can be profitably extracted are called ores. An ore is a source of metal from which you can economically extract the metal. They are used for making machines, railways, motor vehicles, bridges, buildings, agricultural tools, aircrafts, ships etc. Aluminum, for example, is the most common metal in the earths crust, occurring in all sorts of minerals. They are reduction of the ore with carbon, reduction of the molten ore by electrolysis, and reduction of the ore with a more reactive metal. But this is not the case with more reactive iron or aluminum. An ore is a mineral deposit that can be mined and refined at profit.
Reduction of metals extraction from ore alevel chemistry. Usually, less reactive metals such as gold and silver are found in their pure form in the soil. Sulphides ores are usually converted to oxides before extraction by roasting with oxygen. Metals with low chemical activity, such a gold and silver are normally found in their pure state copper, tin, lead, and iron are more reactive and must be heated with carbon to extract the metals aluminum, calcium, sodium and other active metals are extracted using electrolysis copper can be extracted from its ores by reduction. Metals such as zinc, iron and copper are present in ores as their oxides. An ore is any naturallyoccurring source of a metal that you can economically extract the metal from. Jan 30, 2016 the leaching of precious metals such as gold can be carried out with cyanide or ozone under mild conditions. Reactivity of metals related to their extraction from ores. Extraction of metals cie igcse chemistry revision notes. In fact, microorganisms can be successfully used for the extraction of metals e. Smelting is a metallurgy technique to extract base metals from their ores with the help of heat and a chemical reducing agent. There are 3 main methods of extracting metals from their ore. Practica in process engineering ii extraction introduction extraction is a process in which one or more components are separated selectively from a liquid, 8.
Usually iron and aluminum exist as compounds, with oxygen, also known as oxides. The total reserves of the ore in the country are estimated around 60 crore tonnes. Jul 14, 2016 this presentation steps students through extracting metals from ores as well as the recycling of aluminium as aligned with the australian year 11 chemistry. Pdf the depletion of highquality ore deposits makes it necessary to develop technologies of processing of poor or complex ores such as sideroplezite. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to. Metals such as zinc, nickel, tin, lead and copper need to be heated with carbon or carbon monoxide to extract them. Metal ores are formed in the process of ore genesis, and they are extracted through mining. The choice of the process depends upon the nature of the ore and the type of the metal.
The reactivity series shows metals in order of reactivity. The process of extracting a metal in pure form from its ore is known as metallurgy. Extraction of metals occurrence ores of some metals are very common iron, aluminium others occur only in limited quantities in selected areas ores need to be purified before being reduced to the metal this adds to the expense high grade ores are therefore cheaper to process. Metal extraction from ores by heap leaching springerlink. Chapter 6 copper production technology the last boomin technological innovation for the copper industry occurred in the first two decades of this century, whenopen pit mining, flo tation concentration,and the reverberatory smelter were adapted to porphyry copper ores. Extraction of metals low in the activity series the ores of the metals are generally sulphides which is reduced by heating in the presence of oxygen name the process in which ore is heated in presence of oxygen.
Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. An ore is a mineral that contains enough metal to make it worth extracting the metal. Metallurgy is distinguished from the craft of metalworking, although metalworking relies on metallurgy, as medicine relies on medical science, for technical advancement. Production and refining of metals cooperative patent. An introduction to the chemistry of metal extraction. Minerals and ores the naturally occurring substances in the form of which the metals occur in the earth crust are called minerals. Metals were discovered in reverse order of their chemical activity. Since, the nature of the ore and also the properties of different metals are different, therefore, it is not possible to have the universal scheme which may be applicable to all the metals. Why can one method be used to extract one metal, but not another. In this video, we look at how displacement reactions can be used to extract metals from their compounds looking specifically at the extraction of iron. Further, this document is not intended to be used for commercial purpose and. Extracting metals from their ores the majority of metals do not occur native and, instead, are compounds like sulphides or oxides. The method of extraction depends on how reactive the metal is.
However, the value of ores changes over time due to society and technology. The process of extraction of metals by the use of electrolysis phenomenon is called electrometallurgy. The mond process marked an entirely new departure in metallurgical practice and in the principles which had hitherto guided it. Mineral and metal binding biomolecules find applications in selective mineral and metal separation. The method of extraction which is most appropriate depends on the reactivity of the metal being extracted. Pyrometallurgy deals with the methods of extraction of metals from their ores. Isolation of elements in chemistry class 12 aims to teach the students about various processes of extraction of metals from ores. The production of metals involves the processing of ores to extract the metal they contain, and the mixture of metals, sometimes with other elements, to produce alloys. Detailed revision notes on the topic extraction of metals. Igcse extraction of metals from ores notes igcse and ial. Aluminium and iron are the most abundant metals in the earths crust. General principles and processes of isolation of elements. Notes 4 chemistry module 6 occurrence and extraction of metals chemistry of elements copper india does not have rich copper ore deposits.
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